AAS 95-347

The Investigation of Space Debris Generation and Associated Long-Term Effects in the Geosynchronous Region

R. McNamara, Martin Corp., Denver, CO, R. D. Culp, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO

Abstract

The hazards associated with space debris for Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) satellites are different than for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, Although the debris population is smaller and the collision velocities lower for objects in GEO, there are no natural removal mechanisms or "sinks" for debris as there are in LEO. Thus the long-term potential debris problems at GEO are high and of great concern. Current computer simulation models and various studies conducted on GEO space debris, assume all cataloged objects, are evenly spaced. This paper addresses the collision probabilities in GEO, using the Geosynchronous Orbital Debris Environment SImulation (ODESI) computer program, developed to accurately propagate GEO objects over a 50 year period. A new nonhypervelocity breakup model representing a more accurate GEO satellite breakup and the associated number and size of debris fragments is also addressed. Using these tools and realistic GEO positioning of heavily populated and longitudinally co-located satellites, higher than previously generated probabilities of collision were calculated.